According to advocates, frequent employment of Terry stops–so named after the U.S. Supreme Court case Terry vs. Ohio, which established that police can stop and frisk someone they reasonably suspect has committed a crime and may be armed–on primarily Black and minority individuals can have long-term consequences within historically marginalized communities and traumatize those subjected to them, reports the Orlando Sentinel. According to the Orlando Police Department search and seizures training bulletin, an officer must rely on personal observation and knowledge from other officers to form the basis for a Terry stop. Profiling based on ethnicity alone is illegal.
Based on an officer’s training and experience, an officer can conduct lawful “profiling” based on a collection of innocent actions that lead to suspicion, according to the training bulletin. But for Black and minority individuals, these experiences are trauma-inducing and can have ripple effects among family and friends. The practice of so-called “match the description” tactics gained increased scrutiny after a video was posted online of two Black men in Orlando riding bicycles who were stopped by police officers and held at gunpoint and one of the men was then ordered to crawl to the officers on his hands and knees. The two men, Ian Adams and Jonathan Medina, who hadn’t broken any laws, were later let go with an apology and told they were stopped because they matched the suspect description of two Black men on bicycles given by the victim of a robbery that had occurred in the area. While many accused the officers of racial bias, a spokesperson for the Orlando Police Department said no violations of policy occurred and officers had reasonable cause to detain the two men.
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Continued Use of “Terry Stops” Raise Concerns of Racial Profiling and Trauma - Crime Report
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